Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting drug that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea. It has also become popular in the form of an unapproved "smart drug" or cognitive booster among professionals, students and other people who want to increase their focus, alertness and efficiency.
Although modafinil is generally regarded as more secure than other stimulants such as amphetamines there are some concerns about its potential effects on the health of your heart. In this blog we'll review the current research findings and expert opinions about the risk modafinil poses for cardiovascular health.
How Modafinil Works
Modafinil is a drug that is unique that does not belong in the same category as conventional stimulants like amphetamines and the methylphenidate (Ritalin). The exact mechanisms behind its actions aren't fully known, however it is believed that it works by influencing a variety of neurotransmitters within the brain, such as dopamine, norepinephrine and histamine.
Contrary to traditional stimulants, modafinil doesn't seem to significantly increase blood pressure or heart rate. However, it could cause other cardiovascular effects, like the increase in oxidative stress as well as modifications in the lipid profile.
Cardiovascular Effects of Modafinil
Numerous studies have looked into the potential cardiovascular risks of modafinil. There have been mixed findings.
Here's a summary of the main conclusions:
- The Heart rate and Blood Pressure A majority of studies have concluded that modafinil doesn't significantly raise the heart rate or blood pressure in healthy people. However, some studies have found slight rises in blood pressure especially at higher doses, or in patients who have hypertension pre-existing.
- Arrhythmias The literature has reported some case reports of modafinil possibly leading to or exacerbates arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms) in certain individuals. However, these cases are extremely rare and the risk overall appears to be minimal.
- Lipid Profiles Certain studies suggest modafinil could affect negatively the lipid profile, possibly increasing amounts of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, as well as triglycerides. But other studies have revealed not significant differences in the lipid levels.
- Oxidative Stress Modafinil has been linked with an increase in oxidative stress which may cause cardiovascular diseases in the future. However the medical significance of this discovery isn't fully understood.
Expert Opinions and Recommendations
Although research on modafinil's effects on cardiovascular health is mixed, the majority of experts are of the opinion that the risk to healthy people is low if the medication is taken as directed and at the prescribed dosages.
It is the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) declares that modafinil is generally tolerated and carries a low risk of causing serious side effects when used in its prescribed indications. However, they caution that those with heart conditions or risk factors must be closely monitored.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) suggests that modafinil be cautiously used in patients who have a history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease or arrhythmias.
It's important to note that a majority of the research into modafinil's cardiovascular effects was done in the context of its therapeutic applications. The possible risks that come with using it off-label for long periods of time to enhance cognition aren't studied extensively and may be different.
Conclusion
Based on the available research Modafinil is not believed to pose any significant risk to the health of your heart in healthy individuals if it is taken according to the prescribed and the doses recommended by doctors. However, those with pre-existing heart disease or risk factors must be cautious and consult their physician prior to taking modafinil.
It's crucial to remember that modafinil is a prescription drug and is only to be used under the supervision by a certified medical expert. Self-medicating or using modafinil off label as a cognitive booster could pose risks and should be handled cautiously.
Like all medications that you take, it's important to weigh the possible benefits against the risk and consult a medical professional prior to starting any new treatment plan.
